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Chapt 6 & 7 Personality practice test

According to trait theory, what are traits?

Characteristics that initiate action.

Distinguishing qualities or characteristics that make up a personality.

Self-assessed or evaluated by peers.

Emotional qualities and affective styles of behavior.

Inherited personality characteristics.

How consistent are our personality traits across different situations?

Our personalities remain relatively constant and durable over time, but we tend to demonstrate different traits during different situations.

Our personalities change drastically depending on the situation.

Our personalities are consistent in every situation.

Our personalities are unpredictable and constantly changing.

Our personalities are completely different in every situation.

Do our personality traits change over time?

Personality traits remain the same throughout our lives.

Personality traits change dramatically and frequently.

Personality traits are relatively stable over time, but they can gradually change across the life span.

Personality traits only change during childhood and adolescence.

Personality traits change randomly and unpredictably.

What is the term used to identify a certain collection of traits that make up a broad, general personality classification?

Motivation-orientated traits

Ability traits

Personality types

Dynamic traits

Temperament traits

What are temperament traits?

Characteristics that develop through learning about objects, actions, people, institutions, and symbolic ideas.

Characteristics that contain a motivational aspect.

Characteristics that initiate action.

Characteristics that determine how effectively one works towards reaching a desired goal.

Biologically based, inherited personality characteristics that involve emotional qualities and affective styles of behaviour.

What are ability traits?

Biologically based, inherited personality characteristics that involve emotional qualities and affective styles of behavior.

Characteristics that determine how effectively one works towards reaching a desired goal.

Characteristics that develop through learning about objects, actions, people, institutions, and symbolic ideas.

Characteristics that contain a motivational aspect.

Characteristics that initiate action.

What are dynamic traits?

Characteristics that develop through learning about objects, actions, people, institutions, and symbolic ideas.

Biologically based, inherited personality characteristics that involve emotional qualities and affective styles of behavior.

Characteristics that contain a motivational aspect and guide behaviors and interactions with others.

Characteristics that initiate action.

Characteristics that determine how effectively one works towards reaching a desired goal.

According to trait theory, what are ergs?

Characteristics that determine how effectively one works towards reaching a desired goal.

Goals that were created because of innate drives or motives that humans share with other primates.

Characteristics that contain a motivational aspect.

Characteristics that develop through learning about objects, actions, people, institutions, and symbolic ideas.

Characteristics that initiate action.

According to trait theory, what are sentiments?

Characteristics that initiate action.

Characteristics that develop through learning about objects, actions, people, institutions, and symbolic ideas, and are socially shaped.

Characteristics that contain a motivational aspect.

Biologically based, inherited personality characteristics that involve emotional qualities and affective styles of behavior.

Characteristics that determine how effectively one works towards reaching a desired goal.

According to trait theory, what are attitudes?

Characteristics that contain a motivational aspect.

Characteristics that develop through learning about objects, actions, people, institutions, and symbolic ideas.

Characteristics that determine how effectively one works towards reaching a desired goal.

A specific course of action or desire to act in a certain manner, in a given situation.

Biologically based, inherited personality characteristics that involve emotional qualities and affective styles of behavior.

Which trait is characterized by the willingness to consider new or unusual things, ideas, or people?

Openness

Neuroticism

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Which trait is characterized by high levels of thoughtfulness and reliability, good impulse control, and goal-directed behaviors?

Agreeableness

Extraversion

Neuroticism

Conscientiousness

Openness

Which trait is characterized by a pronounced tendency to engage with the external world and other individuals?

Extraversion

Openness

Conscientiousness

Neuroticism

Agreeableness

Which trait reflects a concern for social harmony and the extent to which we put others' interests above our own?

Openness

Agreeableness

Extraversion

Conscientiousness

Neuroticism

Which trait is characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions more readily and interpret ordinary situations as threatening?

Neuroticism

Conscientiousness

Openness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Which trait is characterized by a strong imagination, insight and awareness of self and others, curiosity, and creativity?

Neuroticism

Openness

Conscientiousness

Agreeableness

Extraversion

Which trait is characterized by a preference for planning and a greater ability to exercise self-discipline?

Neuroticism

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Openness

Which trait is characterized by a preference for being around others and enjoying the stimulation of other people's ideas and opinions?

Conscientiousness

Agreeableness

Extraversion

Openness

Neuroticism

Which trait is characterized by being forgiving, tolerant, and sensitive towards others?

Openness

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Neuroticism

Which trait tends to act dutifully and aim for achievement, and is characterized by high levels of thoughtfulness and reliability?

Neuroticism

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Openness

Conscientiousness

Which trait enjoys the stimulation that other people's ideas and opinions bring, and tends to be talkative and assertive?

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Neuroticism

Openness

Which trait reflects a concern for social harmony and is characterized by trust, kindness, and empathy?

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Neuroticism

Extraversion

Openness

What is the type of data collected to make up a comprehensive sample for the Catell's 16 personality factor mode?

L-data (Liife Record data)

Q-Data (Personality Questionnaire Data)

T-Data (Test Data)

All of the above

Individuals that score low in the openness trait, according to the Five-Factor model usually display signs such as?

Practical, conventional, prefers routine

Curious, wide range of interests, independent.

Impulsive, careless, disorganized

Hardworking, dependable, organized

Individuals that score high in the conscientiousness trait, according to the Five-Factor model usually display signs such as?

Practical, conventional, prefers routine

Curious, wide range of interests, independent.

Impulsive, careless, disorganized

Hardworking, dependable, organized

Individuals who score high in the openness trait according to the five-factor model are usually?

Creative, original, artistic, broad minded.

Stubborn, practical conventional

Organized, persistent, thorough.

None of the above

Individuals who score low in the conscientiousness trait according to the five-factor model are usually?

Creative, original, artistic, broad minded.

Stubborn, practical conventional

Organized, persistent, thorough.

Impulsive, careless, disorganized

Individuals who score high in the extroversion trait according to the fine-factor model of personality are usually?

Outgoing, warm, seeks adventure

Helpful, trusting, empathic

Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative prone to negative emotions

Critical, uncooperative, suspicious

Individuals who score low in the extroversion trait according to the fine-factor model of personality are usually?

Outgoing, warm, seeks adventure

Helpful, trusting, empathic

Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative prone to negative emotions

Quiet, reserved, withdrawn

Individuals who score high in the agreeableness trait according to the fine-factor model of personality are usually?

Outgoing, warm, seeks adventure

Helpful, trusting, empathic

Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative prone to negative emotions

Quiet, reserved, withdrawn

Individuals who score low in the agreeableness trait according to the fine-factor model of personality are usually?

Critical, reserved, withdrawn

Helpful, trusting, empathic

Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative prone to negative emotions

Quiet, reserved, withdrawn

Individuals who score high in the neuroticism trait according to the fine-factor model of personality are usually?

Critical, reserved, withdrawn

Helpful, trusting, empathic

Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative prone to negative emotions

Quiet, reserved, withdrawn

Individuals who score low in the neuroticism trait according to the fine-factor model of personality are usually?

Critical, reserved, withdrawn

Calm, even-tempered, secure

Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative prone to negative emotions

Quiet, reserved, withdrawn

Motivational-orientated traits are made up of?

Ergs, sentiments and attitudes

Temperament, ability and dynamic

Emotional, intelligence and ability

None of the above

Sex, hungary, lonliness and fear are examples of ?

Sentiments

Attitudes

Ergs

Ability traits

What is the view on psychology in Africa?

Psychology in Africa is non-existent and has no relevance.

Psychology in Africa is a combination of Western and indigenous knowledge systems.

Psychology in Africa is well-developed and has its own unique theories.

Mainstream psychology is predominantly a Western science that was passed on to Africa and the East.

According to African Perspectives, what is African Psychology rooted within?

Western Paradigm

Latin American Paradigm

Africentric Paradigm

Asian Paradigm

European Paradigm

What is the African view of the person and worldview founded on?

Individualistic and anthropocentric ontology

Holistic and individualistic ontology

Individualistic and cosmocentric ontology

Holistic and anthropocentric ontology

Holistic and cosmocentric ontology

According to African Perspectives, what is the Macro-cosmos?

The domain of the individual person in their everyday collective existence

The domain in which God is encountered

The domain of individual and collective imagination

The domain of coincidence and the forces of the ancestors

The domain of the natural physical reality

What is the Meso-cosmos in African Perspectives?

The domain of the natural physical reality

The domain of the individual person in their everyday collective existence

The domain of the ancestors

A kind of a no man’s land, where coincidence and the forces of the ancestors, malignant spirits and sorcerers hold sway

The domain in which God is encountered

What is the significance of the ancestors in African Perspectives?

They mediate between the living and the ‘living dead’ and continue to influence the lives of the living

They are the all-important intervening medium and contact with God

They form an inherent part of daily African functioning

They are experienced as deities or spirits

They are more important than God in everyday existence

According to African Perspectives, how does the African person function in a traditional context?

Fundamentally as a religious functioning

Fundamentally as a secular functioning

Fundamentally as a scientific functioning

Fundamentally as a materialistic functioning

Fundamentally as an individualistic functioning

What is the Meso-cosmos used for in African Perspectives?

To explain the daily functioning of the African person in a traditional context

To explain African people's own behaviour, conflicts, and events such as sickness and death

To explain the domain in which God is encountered

To explain the connectedness of all things to form an indivisible whole

To explain the religious existence that enfolds the full humaneness of traditional Africans

What is the difference between Western Orientated theories and African Perspectives?

Western theories recognize the religious basis of human functioning, while African Perspectives do not

Western theories attribute behaviour wholly to external agents outside the person, while African Perspectives explain behaviour as the outcome of intrapsychic or interpersonal dynamics

Western theories assume a common worldview, while African Perspectives assume individual differences

Western theories explain behaviour as the outcome of intrapsychic or interpersonal dynamics, while African Perspectives attribute behaviour wholly to external agents outside the person

Western theories focus on the individual, while African Perspectives focus on the community

What are the consequences of modernization according to African Perspectives?

A loss of cultural diversity and inclusivity

A loss of individual rights and autonomy

A loss of historical rootedness and continuity found in the macro- and meso-cosmic orders of existence

An increase in individual rights and autonomy

An increase in historical rootedness and continuity found in the macro- and meso-cosmic orders of existence

What is Ubuntu in African Perspectives?

A theory of personality development

A philosophy that emphasizes individual survival

A code of ethics that governs one's interaction with others

A belief in the interconnectedness and interdependence of all entities within the universe

A principle of competition and individual rights

Which dimension of the African self is described as the inner seat of the individual thinking, feelings, and will?

The Structural Self

The Melioristic Self

The Communal Self

The Liminal Self

The Transcendental/Spiritual Self

Which dimension of the African self reflects the sediments and influence of the cultural memory of the people on the modern African imagination?

The Liminal Self

The Communal Self

The Melioristic Self

The Narratological Self

The Structural Self

Which dimension of the African self serves as a source of social/emotional sustenance for the individual, but can also cause distress?

The Communal Self

The Liminal Self

The Narratological Self

The Structural Self

The Melioristic Self

Which dimension of the African self acts as the self's resident therapist and assists the individual in finding meaning in life?

The Melioristic Self

The Communal Self

The Liminal Self

The Structural Self

The Narratological Self

Which dimension of the African self is the psychological counterpart of the Embodied self and is located in the organs of the body?

The Liminal Self

The Structural Self

The Communal Self

The Narratological Self

The Melioristic Self

Which dimension of the African self is characterized by being in a state of transition or inhabiting a world 'in-between' two states of being?

The Communal Self

The Liminal Self

The Structural Self

The Melioristic Self

The Narratological Self

Which dimension of the African self is the sacred dimension of everyday life and includes beliefs in a Supreme Being, spiritual agencies, and the impact of ancestors?

The Structural Self

The Communal Self

The Transcendental/Spiritual Self

The Liminal Self

The Narratological Self

According to Pasteur and Toldson, what factor promotes optimal development and psychological health among Africans?

Their collective existence

Their reliance on pharmaceutical and relaxation aids

Their left hemisphere dominance

Their physical and spiritual environments

Their individuality

According to African views on psychopathology, what is illness seen as?

Wholeness

Fragmentation

Disharmony

Disintegration

Integration

What is the concept of time in traditional African culture?

Past, present, and future

Linear view of time

No concept of time

Circular view of time

How does cognitive functioning of Africans differ from Westerners?

Greater access to knowledge

Lack of reason and logic

Pure rationality

Reliance on intuition and emotion

How do traditional Africans attain optimal development?

Pharmaceutical help

Connectedness with physical and spiritual environments

Individualistic existence

Left hemisphere dominance

How do traditional Africans view illness and pathological behavior?

As a psychosomatic disorder

As a state of fragmentation and disharmony

As physical suffering only

As a result of witchcraft

What is the cause of pathology in African culture?

Witchcraft, ancestral anger, or thwawa

Divine/supernatural relations

Socio-cultural background

Physical illness

What is the holistic ontology in traditional African culture?

Health refers to wholeness and integration

Health refers to harmony with ancestors

Health refers to physical well-being

How do traditional Africans perceive the future?

The future is important

The future is predetermined

The future is uncertain

The future has little meaning

What is the role of ancestors in traditional African culture?

Providing guidance and wisdom

Protecting from evil spirits

Determining behavior and harmony

Granting blessings and prosperity

How do traditional Africans approach time?

To control time

To be on time rather than in time

To disregard time

To be in time rather than on time

What is the view of traditional Africans on mental illness?

Psychosomatic disorders

Divine punishment

Ancestral curse

Physical symptoms only

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