Biotransformation of xenobiotics pt.1
Biotransformation of Xenobiotics Quiz
Welcome to the Biotransformation of Xenobiotics quiz! This quiz is designed to test your understanding of the processes that transform xenobiotics in biological systems. Whether you're a student or a knowledgeable enthusiast, this quiz will challenge your comprehension of key concepts.
- Learn about bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification.
- Understand the roles of Phase I and Phase II enzymes.
- Explore the importance of biotransformation in detoxifying substances.
term used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation
Bioavailability
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
Can occur when a xenobiotic is lipophilic and chemically stable. -If an organism is continuously exposed to an organic xenobiotic its concentration in the whole organism will increase over a period of time.
Bioavailability
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
Biotransformation
The uptake of chemical residues through one to successive trophic levels of the food chain
Bioavailability
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
Biotranformation
Metabolic conversion of endogenous and xenobiotic chemicals to more water- soluble compounds • Physical properties of chemical are Hydrophobic Lipophilic Hydrophilic Lipophobic changed from those favoring absorption (lipophilicity) to those favoring excretion (hydrophilicity) usually through urine or feces
Bioavailability
Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification
Biotransformation
Enzymes- introduce or expose reactive functional groups • OH, NH 2 , SH, or COOH
Phase I
Phase II
Enzymes- conjugate cofactors to metabolic products of Phase I enzymes or directly to xenobiotics
Phase I
Phase II
1. Exposure to xenobiotics, drugs, bioaccumulation and biomagnification (definition) 2. Usually these are highly lipophilic 3. Lipophilicity eases their introduction into body and cell absorbed through skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract 4. Lipophilicity is an obstacle to their elimination 5. Biotransformation = conversion of lipophilic xenobiotic to more water soluble forms (hydrophilic) Are reasons why we need biotransformation
T
F
Metabolize Endogenous Compounds &Deactivate Exogenous Compounds
Eliminated from body
Attacks dna & protein
Activate Exogenous Compounds
Eliminated from body
Attacks dna & protein
The liver is the most IMP in terms of biotransformation
T
F
Microsomes are the rough endoplasmic reticulum that is broken up into smaller segments • Catalyze biotransformation reactions
T
F
Structures of Phase I and Phase II enzymes differ among individuals and can give rise to differences in rates and extent of biotransformation,he study of the causes, prevalences, and impacts of heritable differences in biotransformation enzymes
Toxicogenetics
Pharmacogenetics
Add O remove H, P-450
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Remove O add H, reductases
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Add water, esterases
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
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