Bio exam 1

The breakdown of peptide bonds involves the removal of water

Sucrose is the form most plants use to transport sugars and is the sugar that most humans and other animals eat. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of

Which of the following is true?

DNA makes DNA via __________. DNA makes RNA via __________. RNA instructs the synthesis of proteins via __________.

Adenine and guanine are double-ringed nitrogenous bases found in RNA and DNA nucleotides

If you hear me talking about a 5’ end and a 3’ end, you should immediately recognize that I am referring to a:

Which of the following is NOT true?

The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its __________ structure

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a __________ mutation that results in the sixth amino acid of β-globin being a nonpolar valine instead of a charged glutamic acid. Consequently, hemoglobins that contain this mutated β-globin __________

Denatured proteins are usually biologically inactive.

Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in:

Which of the following is NOT true?

Ribosomes are organelles that decode mRNA and catalyze the formation of __________ bonds. The two subunits of a ribosome are composed of __________ and proteins

Which of the following is true?

One of the functions of the Golgi apparatus is to help process and package proteins, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell

Which of the following is NOT true?

Mitochondria, which are bounded by __________ membrane(s), are thought to have arisen from a bacterium that could carry out __________.

The __________ is a dynamic network of protein fibers __________ the cell that supports cell shape and guides vesicle transport

Centrosomes, which are found within centrioles, nucleate the assembly of microtubules

Eukaryotic flagella and cilia have a 9 + 2 arrangement of __________

In plants, the cell wall, which is made of cellulose, surrounds the plasma membrane

Why do phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Which of the following is not found in the cytoskeleton?

The __________ junctions between the cells lining the digestive tract partition the plasma membranes of these cells into separate compartments and prevent nutrients from passing between these cells.

A DNA molecule containing 32% thymine would contain how much cytosine?

This atom in its unbound state has four valence electrons. These electrons readily form single, double, and even triple bonds among themselves to become stable. This atom is:

Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in_________

Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a carbon containing group, and a hydrogen atom are called

Macromolecules that are used by all organisms to store hereditary information are called

Carbohydrates are polymers formed from structural units called

Humans are unable to derive metabolic energy from cellulose because

What polysaccharide forms the long, tough fibers found in plant cell walls?

Common lipids for energy storage are:

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a________

Denaturation disrupts the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins. However, denaturation is not strong enough to disrupt what interaction that is relevant to protein structure

distinctive feature of eukaryotes is the organization of tightly packaged chromosomal DNA with proteins into a membrane-bound structure called a:

The evolutionary process that created chloroplasts and mitochondria is

Integrins are glycoproteins that help link the cytoskeleton and the

Organelles that breakdown hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen are

Schleiden and Schwann stated the "cell theory," which in its modern form says:

The "X" shaped chromosomal hereditary material can be packaged in this organelle in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells. This organelle is the

The peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of:

Prokaryotic cell movement is attributed to:

Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a

The cytoplasmic space in eukaryotic cells is occupied by many diverse membrane-bound structures with specific cellular functions called

Ribosomes are made up of

The eukaryotic organelle that is directly involved in the transport of proteins synthesized on the surface of the rough ER is called the

In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in:

The major histocompatibility complex is important in a T-cell's ability to

Nuclear pores permit the passage of all the following except

The nucleolus is the site of:

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain:

Cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of:

The distinctive feature of chloroplasts is that they contain a green pigment called

Plants, fungi and bacterial all have

Alcohol consumption adversely affects the synthesis of molecules involved in protein degradation, which can eventually lead to liver damage. Given this information, which organelle in liver cells is most directly affected by alcohol consumption?

Based on the function of mitochondria, what substance is able to pass through the outer membrane of the mitochondria easily?

Individuals that are heavy smokers may eventually have trouble clearing the mucous from their lungs because the structures that move fluid along the epithelial lining of the lung become damaged over time. What are these structures called?