Multicast Routing Protocols

Which multicast routing protocol is most suitable for large-scale applications like IPTV where low latency is crucial?

DVMRP

PIM-SM

PIM-SSM

MOSPF

In a network using PIM-SM, what role does the Rendezvous Point (RP) play?

It is the source of all multicast traffic

It maintains multicast group membership information

It acts as an intermediary between multicast sources and receivers

It routes unicast traffic

What is the primary advantage of using PIM-SSM over PIM-SM?

Lower bandwidth consumption

No need for a Rendezvous Point

Easier to configure

Supports only sparse mode operation

When configuring IGMP Snooping on a switch, what is its main purpose?

To route multicast traffic efficiently

To filter multicast traffic at the network layer

To reduce multicast traffic on a VLAN by only sending it to interested hosts

To act as a multicast source

In which scenario would you prefer using PIM-DM over PIM-SM?

When multicast receivers are densely populated

When multicast receivers are sparsely populated

In a network with high bandwidth constraints

In a network with a large number of multicast groups

What is the main function of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) in multicast routing?

To route multicast packets between routers

To manage multicast group memberships on a local network

To encapsulate multicast packets for transmission

To secure multicast traffic

Which multicast routing protocol is based on the Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) mechanism?

MOSPF

DVMRP

PIM-DM

CBT

Why is IGMPv3 preferred over IGMPv2 for Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)?

It supports more multicast groups

It allows hosts to specify particular sources for multicast traffic

It reduces multicast traffic overhead

It is easier to configure

In a PIM-SM network, how does a multicast receiver join a multicast group?

By sending a join message directly to the multicast source

By sending an IGMP join message to its local router

By registering with the Rendezvous Point (RP)

By sending a join message to the Designated Router (DR)

Which protocol should be used to ensure efficient multicast traffic distribution in a Layer 2 network?

PIM-SM

IGMP Snooping

DVMRP

PIM-DM

What is the purpose of the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol in IPv6?

To manage IPv6 multicast group memberships

To replace IGMP for IPv4 multicast routing

To provide security for multicast traffic

To handle multicast routing in mobile networks

In PIM-DM, what happens when a router receives a multicast packet on an interface that is not the shortest path back to the source?

The packet is dropped

The packet is forwarded to the next hop

The router sends a prune message back to the source

The router sends a graft message to the source

How does a PIM-SM network initially establish a multicast distribution tree?

Using a flood and prune mechanism

By setting up a shared tree rooted at the RP

By sending multicast packets to all network nodes

By using source-specific trees from the beginning

In Source-Specific Multicast (SSM), what is the primary role of the multicast source?

To maintain group membership information

To directly send multicast data to all receivers

To act as the Rendezvous Point

To provide multicast data to a specific set of receivers

Which command is used to view IGMP group memberships on a Cisco router?

Show ip igmp group

Show ip multicast group

Show ip pim neighbor

Show ip igmp snooping

Why is PIM-SSM considered more secure than PIM-SM?

It requires authentication for group membership

It only allows traffic from specified sources

It encrypts multicast traffic

It uses a central Rendezvous Point

Which multicast address range is reserved for Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)?

224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255

239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255

233.0.0.0 to 233.255.255.255

In PIM-SM, what triggers the switchover from the shared tree to the shortest path tree (SPT)?

When the receiver sends a leave message

When the first data packet is received

When the receiver's DR sends a join message to the source

When the RP detects high traffic volume

Which of the following is a feature of Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)?

It is used to distribute multicast group membership information

It supports dense mode multicast routing

It allows RPs in different domains to exchange source information

It handles unicast routing in multicast networks

In a network using IGMPv2, how does a router determine when to send a group-specific query?

When a host sends a leave group message

When a new host joins the group

Periodically, based on the query interval timer

When it receives a multicast packet

What is the purpose of the Multicast Routing Information Base (MRIB) in multicast routing?

To store unicast routing information

To keep track of multicast routing state information

To manage multicast group memberships

To control multicast traffic encryption

Which feature of PIM-SM helps to limit multicast traffic to only those parts of the network where there are active receivers?

Prune messages

Join messages

Rendezvous Point election

Source-specific trees

In a multicast network, what is the purpose of a Designated Router (DR)?

To act as the source of all multicast traffic

To forward multicast traffic to the RP

To manage multicast group memberships on behalf of hosts

To handle unicast routing

How does the Auto-RP mechanism in PIM-SM work?

By manually configuring RP addresses on each router

By dynamically electing an RP based on router priority

By using a multicast mapping agent to advertise RP information

By sending unicast messages to all routers in the network

What problem does Bidirectional PIM (Bidir-PIM) address in multicast routing?

High latency in multicast packet delivery

The need for a Rendezvous Point

Scalability issues with large numbers of multicast sources

Redundant multicast traffic paths

In which scenario would you prefer using MSDP over Anycast-RP for interdomain multicast routing?

When multicast sources and receivers are within the same domain

When a single RP is sufficient for the entire network

When multicast sources and receivers are in different domains

When you need to reduce the complexity of multicast routing

Which of the following addresses is used as the all-routers multicast group in IPv4?

224.0.0.1

224.0.0.2

239.255.255.255

232.0.0.0

What is the primary function of the Bootstrap Router (BSR) in PIM-SM?

To act as the Rendezvous Point for the multicast group

To flood the network with multicast traffic

To distribute RP information to all routers in the network

To maintain multicast group membership information

Which command can be used to enable IGMP snooping on a Cisco switch?

Ip igmp snooping

Multicast igmp snooping

Ip igmp snooping enable

Multicast-routing

In PIM-DM, what is the purpose of the prune message?

To add new members to a multicast group

To stop the propagation of multicast traffic to a particular interface

To announce the presence of a multicast source

To request multicast traffic from a specific source

How does a PIM-SM router decide to switch from shared tree to shortest path tree (SPT) for a multicast stream?

Based on the arrival of the first data packet

When the multicast traffic exceeds a certain threshold

When the local receiver explicitly requests it

Automatically after a pre-configured timer expires

What multicast address range is designated for administratively scoped addresses?

224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255

224.0.1.0 to 224.0.1.255

239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255

Which IGMP version supports the ability for hosts to specify which multicast sources they are interested in?

IGMPv1

IGMPv2

IGMPv3

IGMPv4

In a multicast environment, what is the primary advantage of using Anycast RP?

To provide redundancy and load balancing for RPs

To simplify the configuration of multicast sources

To eliminate the need for IGMP

To provide encryption for multicast traffic

How does PIM-DM handle multicast traffic when there are no interested receivers on a segment?

It floods the traffic throughout the network

It sends periodic join messages

It uses prune messages to stop sending traffic to that segment

It ignores the traffic

Which multicast routing protocol is commonly used in conjunction with OSPF for routing multicast traffic?

PIM-DM

DVMRP

MOSPF

CBT

In the context of multicast, what is a "graft" message used for in PIM-DM?

To add a new receiver to a multicast group

To prune unwanted traffic from a router

To reconnect a pruned branch back to the multicast tree

To replace a Rendezvous Point

What role does a "Querier" play in IGMP?

It generates multicast traffic

It manages multicast group memberships on a network segment

It acts as a multicast router

It secures multicast traffic

Which multicast protocol requires routers to periodically send hello packets to maintain neighbor relationships?

PIM-SM

IGMP

DVMRP

PIM-DM

What is the significance of the TTL (Time to Live) field in a multicast packet?

It determines the maximum distance the packet can travel

It specifies the multicast group address

It indicates the source of the multicast packet

It provides security for multicast traffic

In PIM-SM, what is the primary reason for switching from a shared tree to a source-specific tree?

To reduce latency

To reduce traffic load on the Rendezvous Point

To simplify configuration

To improve security

Which protocol is used by routers to share information about multicast sources in different domains?

IGMP

PIM-DM

MSDP

OSPF

What is the main benefit of using the Sparse-Mode PIM (PIM-SM) in a multicast network?

It is easier to configure than Dense-Mode PIM

It is more efficient for networks with sparse multicast group members

It does not require Rendezvous Points

It supports both IPv4 and IPv6

How does Bidirectional PIM (Bidir-PIM) simplify multicast routing in many-to-many applications?

By using a single shared tree for all traffic

By requiring less configuration

By reducing multicast state information in routers

By eliminating the need for RPs

In multicast routing, what is the function of the RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding) check?

To check the destination address of a multicast packet

To verify that a multicast packet is received on the correct interface

To maintain multicast group memberships

To ensure multicast packets are encrypted

Why is IGMP Snooping important in a Layer 2 network?

It encrypts multicast traffic

It replaces the need for a multicast routing protocol

It increases multicast traffic to all network devices

It reduces multicast traffic by sending packets only to interested receivers

Which of the following is an example of an IPv6 multicast address?

2001:db8::1

Fe80::1

Ff02::1

::1

In a multicast network using PIM-SM, what happens when a new multicast source starts sending traffic?

The traffic is immediately forwarded to all receivers

The source registers with the RP, and the RP sends join messages to the receivers

The traffic is dropped until the source is manually added

The traffic is encapsulated in unicast packets

How can a network administrator prevent multicast traffic from reaching specific parts of the network?

By configuring IGMP snooping

By using unicast routing protocols

By setting up access control lists (ACLs) to filter multicast traffic

By disabling IGMP on specific interfaces

What is the role of the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol in IPv6 networks?

To route multicast traffic between routers

To secure multicast traffic

To convert IPv4 multicast traffic to IPv6

To manage multicast group memberships

Multicast Routing Protocols

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