What is Parkinson disease, its pathophysiology, aetiology, general management and pharmacotherapy

What is the main pathological feature of Parkinson's disease?

Lewy bodies

Amyloid plaques

Neurofibrillary tangles

Beta-amyloid protein

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease?

Age

Family history

Smoking

High cholesterol levels

What is the first-line treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Levodopa

Dopamine agonists

Anticholinergic drugs

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

Dopamine

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

GABA

What is the role of deep brain stimulation in the management of Parkinson's disease?

It helps alleviate motor symptoms

It slows down disease progression

It prevents cognitive decline

It replaces lost dopamine

Which of the following is NOT a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease?

Depression

Sleep disturbances

Constipation

Hypertension

What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease?

Unknown

Genetic mutations

Environmental toxins

Aging

Which brain region is most affected by the degenerative process in Parkinson's disease?

Substantia nigra

Hippocampus

Frontal cortex

Cerebellum

What is the main goal of pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease?

Symptom management

Disease modification

Neuroprotection

Cure

Which medication class is commonly used to manage tremors in Parkinson's disease?

Beta-blockers

Anticholinergics

Dopamine agonists

Levodopa

What is the primary mechanism of action of levodopa in Parkinson's disease?

Conversion to dopamine

Inhibition of dopamine reuptake

Stimulation of dopamine receptors

Protection of dopamine-producing cells

Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term levodopa use?

Dyskinesias

Hallucinations

Hypotension

Weight gain

What is the role of physical therapy in the management of Parkinson's disease?

Improving mobility and balance

Slowing down disease progression

Enhancing cognitive function

Reducing dyskinesias

Which of the following lifestyle modifications may have a positive impact on Parkinson's disease symptoms?

Regular exercise

Adequate sleep

High-fat diet

Smoking cessation

What is the primary goal of surgical interventions in Parkinson's disease?

Alleviating motor symptoms

Restoring dopamine production

Preventing cognitive decline

Reversing brain degeneration

Which of the following is NOT a common comorbidity associated with Parkinson's disease?

Dementia

Depression

Diabetes mellitus

Hypertension

What is the role of dopamine agonists in the management of Parkinson's disease?

Stimulating dopamine receptors

Increasing dopamine synthesis

Inhibiting dopamine reuptake

Protecting dopamine-producing cells

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinson's disease?

Impulse control disorders

Orthostatic hypotension

Weight loss

Insomnia

What is the main mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in Parkinson's disease?

Inhibition of dopamine breakdown

Stimulation of dopamine release

Blockade of dopamine receptors

Enhancement of dopamine synthesis

Which of the following is a potential side effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy in Parkinson's disease?

Hypertensive crisis

Serotonin syndrome

Weight gain

Dry mouth

What is Parkinson disease, its pathophysiology, aetiology, general management and pharmacotherapy

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