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Periodontology

Generate an image of a dental professional examining a periodontal model, surrounded by anatomical diagrams of teeth and gum structures, in a clinical setting.

Master Your Periodontology Knowledge

Challenge your understanding of periodontology with this comprehensive quiz designed for dental professionals, students, and enthusiasts alike. Test your knowledge on key concepts, structures, and functions within periodontal health and disease prevention.

Answer questions on the periodontal ligament, junctional epithelium, and alveolar bone.
Enhance your learning experience and identify areas for further study.

57 Questions14 MinutesCreated by BrushingTooth1

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the enamel organ?

Stellate reticulum

Stratum intermedium

Odontoblast layer

Stellate reticulum Odontoblast layer

Which portion of the tooth germ is the primary source of the periodontal ligament?

Dental follicle

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath

Stratum intermedium

Dental follicl Stratum intermedium

Which portion of the tooth germ is the primary source of the junctional epithelium?

Outer enamel epithelium

Stellate reticulum

Stratum intermedium

Stellate reticulum, Stratum intermedium

Which of the following structures does not belong to the periodontal tissues?

Alveolar bone

Basal bone

Cementum

Alveolar bone Cementum

Basal bone is not part of the periodontium, as it is located under the alveolar process that houses the dentition. Following completion of amelogenesis in humans, the anatomic crown is lined with a layer of reduced enamel epithelium. This layer is derived primarily from which of the following?

Outer enamel epithelium and stellate reticulum

Stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium

Stratum intermedium and ameloblast layer

Stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium&Stratum intermedium and ameloblast layer

In the presence of HEAVY function the periodontal ligament undergoes certain changes as compared to a ligament in light function. Which of the following statements best describes these changes?

Increased width and increased cellularity

Decreased width and increased cellularity

Increased width and decreased cellularity

Decreased width and increased cellularity Increased width and decreased cellularity

Which of the following tissues is the MOST likely source of cementogenic cells in adults who have undergone root planing?

Bone marrow

Periodontal ligament

Residual cementum patches

Bone marrow Periodontal ligament

Which of the following fiber groups DO NOT contribute to tooth anchorage?

Periapical fiber group

Horizontal fiber group

Intergingival fiber group

Periapical fiber group, Horizontal fiber group

Which of the following statements about periodontal probing is MOST accurate?

Generally underestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depth

Generally overestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depth

Generally accurately measures anatomic sulcus or pocket depth

Generally underestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depth,Generally overestimates anatomic sulcus or pocket depth

Which of these collagen types are NOT found in the periodontal ligament?

Type I

Type II

Type IV

Type I Type II

Which of these cell combinations are responsible for the production of acellular extrinsic fiber cementum?

Cementoblasts and cell rests of Malassez

Cementoblasts and osteoblasts

Cementoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts

Cementoblasts and cell rests of Malassez Cementoblasts and osteoblasts

The narrowest zone of gingiva is found in the region of?

The buccal surface of the maxillary first molar

The lingual surface of the mandibular first molar

The buccal surface of the mandibular canine and first premolar

The buccal surface of the maxillary first molar The lingual surface of the mandibular first molar

The gingival groove, when present, is a good indicator of ?

Gingival health

Location of the gingival sulcus bottom

Neither of the above

Gingival healthLocation of the gingival sulcus bottom

The retrocuspid papilla is ?

A mucosal projection located lingual to the mandibular canines

A pathologic alteration of the interdental gingiva between the mandibular canines and first premolar

A gingival anomaly associated with periodontal pockets

A mucosal projection located lingual to the mandibular canines A pathologic alteration of the interdental gingiva between the mandibular canines and first premolar

Which of the following is the most permeable portion of the gingival epithelium?

The junctional epithelium

The sulcular epithelium

The oral epithelium

The sulcular epithelium The oral epithelium

Which of the following is not a gingival fiber group?

Semicircular

Alveolar crest

Transsepta

Semicircular, Alveolar crest Transsepta

Anchoring fibrils are found?

Between the lamina densa and the lamina lucida

Between the epithelial cell surface and the lamina lucida

In the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa

Between the lamina densa and the lamina lucida Between the epithelial cell surface and the lamina lucida

The lamina densa contains what type of collagen?

Type I

Type IV

Type VII

Type IType IV

The anchoring fibrils are composed of what type of collagen?

Type I

Type IV

Type VII

Type I Type IV

The term epithelial attachment properly refers to ?

Junctional epithelium

The interface of the junctional epithelium with the tooth

The hemidesmosomes of basal cells

Junctional epithelium , The interface of the junctional epithelium with the tooth

The average width of the periodontal ligament around a functional permanent tooth is ?

0.5 - 1.0 mm

0.2 - 0.3 mm

0.03 - 0.05 mm

0.2 - 0.3 mm, 0.03 - 0.05 mm

Which of the following has the highest rate of desquamation (i.e. Number of cells shed per unit surface area) ?

Oral epithelium

Sulcular epithelium

Junctional epithelium

Oral epithelium Sulcular epithelium

Anchorage of the tooth to the alveolar process is mediated through which of the following?

Transseptal fibers

Oxytalan fibers

Sharpey's fibers

Transseptal fibers Oxytalan fibers

The cell rests of Malassez are?

Cells derived from odontogenic epithelium

Endothelial cell remnants

Glandular elements secreting gingival fluid

Cells derived from odontogenic epitheliu Endothelial cell remnants

The alveolus is lined with?

A cribriform plate of compact bone

A cancellous bone surface

A continuous layer of Haversian bone

A cribriform plate of compact bone A cancellous bone surface

Which of the following best describes the histology of a predominantly resorbing bone surface?

Reversal lines

Howship's lacunae

Reversal lines and Howship's lacunae

All of the above

Failure of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to separate from the dentin surface during root development may give rise to which of the following anomalies?

Hypercementosis

Sessile cementicles

Enamel pearls

Sessile cementicles , Enamel pearls

In humans, bundle bone is most likely to be found?

On the mesial surface of the alveolus

On the distal surface of the alveolus

Lining the fundus of the alveolus

On the distal surface of the alveolus Lining the fundus of the alveolus

Which of the following cell types is unable to undergo mitosis?

Ameloblasts

Pre-ameloblasts

Stratum intermedium cells

Ameloblasts Pre-ameloblasts

CELLULAR cementum is most likely found around ?

The cervical portion of the root

The root of an unerupted tooth

The apical portion of the root

The root of an unerupted tooth The apical portion of the root

In human teeth, afibrillar cementum is most likely encountered as ?

Coronal cementum

Radicular cementum in furcations

On the roots of unerupted teeth

Coronal cementum Radicular cementum in furcations

The major type of collagen associated with bone matrix is?

Type I

Type II

Type X

Type I & Type II

The lamina dura on radiographs corresponds to: ?

The buccal and lingual cortical plates of the jawbone

The supporting cancellous bone between the teeth

The alveolar bone proper

The supporting cancellous bone between the teeth The alveolar bone proper

Dental calculus:?

Is a causative agent in periodontitis& Forms on the coronal aspects of teeth only

Is plaque that has become mineralised with ionsfrom gingival crevicular fluid

Contains predominantly crystals ofhydroxyapatite when mature

Does not contain bacteria

Porphyromonas gingivdis:?

Is one of the first bacterial species to colonise a newly cleaned tooth surface

Has the ability to invade gingival soft tissues, Is generally encapsulated

Is a causative organism for localised aggressive periodontitis

Is an obligate aerobe

Concerning the following organisms associated with periodontal diseases:

Porphyromonas gingivdis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are frequently isolated from healthy sites

Streptococci and Actinomyces spp. Are early colonising organisms& Fusobacterium nudedum is an anaerobic motile rod implicated in chronic periodontitis

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is effectively removed from periodontally involved sites by scaling and root planing

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is an indigenous component of oral microflora

The established inflammatory lesion of gingivitis:

Is recognisable histologically within 2–4 days of plaque growth,

Represents the transition between gingivitis and periodontitis

Is dominated by a T lymphocyte infiltrate

Is associated clinically with increased flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

Can be diagnosed clinically by the presence of gingival erythema and oedema

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils):

Are not found in the gingival sulcus

Secrete matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) type 1

Contribute to the destruction of the periodontal tissues during periodontitis

Represent the first line of cellular defences against periodontal pathogens, Contribute to the destruction of the periodontal tissues during periodontitis and are almost always found in the gingival tissues

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR):

Is indicated in class I furcation defects

Is dependent on the formation of a stable blood clot for best results

Typically results in clinical improvements in probing depths, attachment levels and gingival recession

Requires the use of a non-resorbable membrane (e.g. ePTFE) for best results in osseointegration

Periodontal flap surgery:

Is indicated when non-surgical treatment is contraindicated owing to poor plaque control

Is the surgical treatment of choice for druginduced gingival overgrowth

Results in the formation of a long junction epithelium, Frequently results in compromised aesthetics through gingival recession

Usually results in loss of the keratinised gingiva

Regarding alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis:

Vertical bony defects have a better prognosis than horizontal defects following non-surgical treatment& Fenestrations and dehiscences predispose sites to periodontal breakdown

Three-walled vertical defects are well suited for treatment by guided tissue regeneration

Radiographs provide an accurate representation of sites undergoing active bone loss

Osteoclasts are stimulated to resorb bone by interferon-y

In CPITN:

The dentition is divided into five segments. and Pocketing of 4-5 mm, that is, when the gingival margin is on the clear area is code no. 3.

Pocketing of 6mm or more, that is when the gingival margin is on the black area of the probe is code no. 4.

For appropriate treatment plan code 2 requires improvement in home care.

For appropriate treatment plan code 3 require supra and subgingival scaling and improvement in home care.

U.S. Food and drug administration for the adjunctive therapy of periodontitis has approved doxycycline hyclate:

Available as 100mg capsule for use twice daily and Available as 20mg capsule for use twice daily.

Available 200mg capsule for use twice daily

Available as 40mg capsule for use twice daily.

Available as 20mg capsule for once daily use.

Root planning is:

Removal of material Alba and stains from root surface. and Removal of soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket.

Removal of calculus & plaque from root surface.

Removal of food debris from tooth surface.

Removal of diseased cementum along with other root deposits.

Greater occlusal pressure on the periodontium produces:

Increased resorption of alveolar bone and formation of cementum.

A gradation of changes in periodontal ligament starting with tension of fibers which produce areas of fibrosis.

Injury to fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells lead to necrosis of areas of the ligament.

Disintegration of blood vessels within 30 minutes. and Disintegration of blood vessels within 05 minutes.

The mobility of the teeth is graded 3 if:

The mobility is 1mm.

The mobility is less than 1mm.

The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and 1mm in labiolingual direction. and The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and mobility is less than 1mm in labio -lingual direction.

The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and mobility in labio-lingual direction is more than 2mm.

Localized aggressive periodontitis is best treated in early stage by:

Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for fourteen days

Tetracycline 250mg once daily for 7 days.

Tetracycline 250mg twice daily for 7 days.

Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for 3 days. and Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for 5 days

Furcation involvement is measured by:

WHO probe.

CPITN probe.

Naber’s probe.

Michigan “O” probe. and Periodontal explore

Classically the epithelial rete ridges show a saw tooth appearance, hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis, hydropic degeneration of basal layer and a dense band like infiltrate of Tlymphocytes microscopically in:

Pemphigus

Pemphigoid and Linear IgA disease.

Lichen planus.

Chronic ulcerative stomatitis.

The bacteria detected in localized aggressive periodontitis are:

Borrelia vincenti, medium size spirochetes and Fusiformis, Tanerella forsythus.

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga Spp., Eikenella corrodens, campylobacter rectus, prevotella intermedia

Mycoplasma, capnocytophaga sputigena, spirocheles.

Treponema denticola, fusobacterium nucleatum, rectus, Actinobacillus Actinomycetem comitans.

Tumor metastasing to gingiva is/are:

Papilloma

Central giant cell carcinoma of the jaw.

Fibroma. & Lipoma.

Adenocarcinoma of colon, renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma, lung carcinoma

Periodontal destruction is considered moderate when:

3-4mm of clinical attachment loss has occurred in chronic periodontitis.

1-2mm of clinical attachment loss has occurred in chronic peroidontitis.

5mm or more of clinical attachment loss has occurred in chronic periodontitis.

0-1mm of clinical attachment loss has occurred and 0.5-0.9mm of clinical attachment loss has occurred in chronic periodontitis.

False gingival enlargement is caused by:

Underlying drug induced gingival enlargement.

Underlying inflammation of periodontal ligament.

Underlying dental and osseous structures

By epulis & Sarcoidosis.

Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis:

Is associated with deep periodontal pockets, and Is associated with a crater like depression at the tip of interdental papilla and vesicle formation.

Is associated with a crater like interdental bony depression

Is not responsive to any therapy.

Leads to gingival recession because of faulty tooth brushing.

Subclinical gingivitis is:

Characterized by vascular proliferation.

Characterized by predominantly lymphocytes microscopically.

Characterized by predominantly plasma cells microscopically. and Characterized by erythema, bleeding on probing.

Characterized by increased crevicular fluid flow and infillration of sulcular and junctional epithelium by polymorphonuclearleukocytes.

The amount of gingival crevicular fluid is:

Decreased when inflammation is present.

Increase by trauma from occlusion.

Decreased by mastication of coarse foods and smoking. and Decreased by ovulation and hormonal contraceptives.

Increased by tooth brushing and gingival massage.

Dentogingival unit:

Is sulcular epithelium and gingival fibers.

Is junctional epithelium and gingival fibers.

Is sulcular epithelium and periodontal fibers.

Is junctional epithelium and periodontal fibers. and Is oral epithelium and gingival fibers.

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