Life Span Midterm Review
Life Span Development Midterm Quiz
Test your knowledge on key concepts in life span development with this comprehensive midterm quiz. Designed for students and educators alike, this quiz covers a variety of topics related to infant and child development, attachment theories, and parenting practices.
It includes:
- Multiple choice questions
- Conceptual understanding of child growth and development
- Insights into parenting styles and attachment theories
The ______ reflex occurs in response to a loud noise or when a person nearby makes a sudden movement.
Moro
Grasp
Rooting
Babbling
Social learning theorists believe that language is an inborn system and that the human brain is innately wired for language.
True
False
_____ refer(s) to large muscle movements.
Dynamic Systems Perspective
Fine motor skills
Gross motor skills
Locomotion
All of the following are important to think about when discussing the Dynamic Systems Perspective of physical development, EXCEPT
A caregiver can assist a baby in learning important skills (like holding up their head) with play and exercise.
Culture can effect early development.
The baby learns to move their body in relation to the environment they are in.
That when a baby has not developed full use of the pincer grasp by 4 months, she could be at risk for a developmental delay.
An infants taste buds can be trained to either like a wide variety of flavors to become a picky eater with a limited flavor repertoire.
True
False
A world Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have both published _____ .
Growth Charts
Safety Manuals
Magazines
Protocol Standards
When pressure is put on the infant's palm, they exhibit the ______ by clenching their fingers around whatever is pressing on them.
Grasping reflex
Sucking reflex
Diving reflex
Grabbing reflex
The behaviorist perspective of _____ proposes that language development is based on experience and shaped through operant conditioning.
Beck
Skinner
Pavlov
Ballard
The nature and amount of verbal communication between parents and their children is CORRELATED with (not caused by) the family's ______ .
Educational Level
Ethnicity
Socioeconomic Level
Religiosity/ Spirituality
When toddlers are around 2 years old and begin to speak in phrases (but omit nonessential words like "the" or "to"), it is called
Overextension
First words
Whinning
Telegraphic speech
According to Ainsworth's Strange situation experiment, a child with avoidant attachment will both seek and reject his caregiver's comfort.
True
False
During attunement exchanges the parent conveys that the infant's emotions are invalid, making the infant feel disconnected.
True
False
Infants engage in three forms of play: sensorimotor, play with objects, and symbolic play.
True
False
The ______ is the part of the brain that allows us to think rationally.
Temporal lobe
Neocortex
Amygdala
Emotional brain
Which of the following is NOT a primary emotion?
Fear
Anger
Confusion
Happiness
Which is the correct sequence of the 4-phase model for the development of infant-parent attachments?
Indiscriminate social responsiveness, discriminating sociability, attachments, goal corrected partnerships
Discriminating sociability, attachments, goal corrected partnerships, Indiscriminate social responsiveness
Discriminating sociability, goal corrected partnerships, attachments, Indiscriminate social responsiveness
Ndiscriminate social responsiveness, Discriminating sociability, goal corrected partnerships, attachments
The leading cause of death for preschool children is SIDs.
True
False
Egocentrism means the ability to understand another's point of view.
True
False
Alderian-based parenting programs promote the use of praise.
True
False
If a child encounters new information that cannot be adapted into existing schemas, the child must ______ the new information.
Equalize
Assimilate
Disequalize
Accommodate
The zone of proximal development
Refers to a lack of strategic function
Is the difference between what one can do independently and can do with help.
Is a regulatory language process
Emphasizes learning impediments
_____ is a speech component and is the smallest unit of English.
Morpheme
Phoneme
Syneme
Syntax
Erikson's stage that most closely coincides with preschool is
Initiative vs Guilt
Trust vs Mistrust
Industry vs Inferiority
Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
The four goals of misbehavior are attention seeking, power, revenge, and inadequacy.
True
False
From research on parenting styles we can conclude that
Without formal training individuals will never be successful parents.
Chinese parents are the best.
Evaluating parental styles requires an appreciation of the broader cultural context within which the family is operating.
US parents are the best.
Jason misbehaves and his teacher feels annoyed. Jason's goal of misbehavior is likely
Power
Revenge
Attention
Inadequacy
The most common form of child abuse is
Neglect
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Emotional abuse
Emotionally competent children are aware of their own and others' emotions and can regulate their emotional responses.
True
False
Adlerians believe that a misbehaving child is a ______ child.
Discouraged
Power hungry
Normal
Vengeful
Which parenting style provides structure and direction to the child while still allowing a significant amount of freedom and room for exploration and self-expression.
Uninvolved Parenting
Premissive Parenting
Authoritarian Parenting
Authoritative Parenting
According to Erikson, failure to resolve a stage crisis will
Result in emotional reactivity
Have little effect on a preschool-age child
Inhibit resolution of future stages
Enhance psychosocial development
______ is a vertical stressor.
Unexpected death
Economic downturn
War
Long-term poverty
Which ADHD treatment is not recommended?
Psychotherapy
Behavioral-based therapy
Depressants
Stimulants and cognitive enhancing medication
ADHD is a condition that you are born with and NOT developed.
True
False
Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) differs from separation anxiety and school phobia because SAD
Is short term
Is linked to insecure attachment
Is longer than four weeks
Only occurs in school
There are many children's books that can assist children in understanding separation anxiety.
True
False
According to Bowlby, the first 6-24 months is the time during which attachments are more readily formed is called ____ ?
Critical interval
Internal model
Critical period
Sensitive period
In the anxious-avoidant attachment style, the child does not cry at separation and ignores mother but does not resist contact at reunion.
True
False
One factor that may help a child react well to divorce is _____ .
High level of parent conflict
Less contact with the noncustodial parent.
Quality parenting from both parents
Never going to counseling
Children that are more likely to adjust well or develop resilience after divorce have common protective factors such as low levels of parental conflict.
True
False
Children between the ages 6-12 watch ______ .
2hrs of TV per week
1hr of TV per week
14hrs of TV per week
36hrs of TV per week
Screen time does not displace other activities in middle childhood.
True
False
Which of the following is not a condition for social learning according to Bandura?
Motivation
Retention
Connectedness
Attention
What is the process by which somatic cells divide to form more somatic cells?
Meoisis
Diploid
Haploid
Mitosis
Bandura believed in reciprocal determinism - the relationship between an individual and the environment.
True
False
Piaget's cognitive development includes ______ stages of development.
5
3
6
4
At what age does gender identity develop?
2-3
7-8
1-2
5-6
The accrediting body whose mission is to promote professional competence of counseling and related practitioners is:
ACA
TCA
CACREP
IYKYK
Which of the following is an example of a normative age-graded influence?
Puberty
Winning the lottery
9/11
Mid-life career change
The reciprocal, enduring interactions between the developing child and their environment are:
Developmental niches
Proximal processes
Microsystems
Operational processes
The four forces in counseling are psychoanalytic, behavioral/cognitive-behavioral, existential-humanistic, and multicultural/systemic.
True
False
Which option lists Piaget’s stages of cognitive development in the correct order?
Pre-operational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
Concrete operational, pre-operational, sensorimotor, formal operational
Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
Sensorimotor, pre-operational, formal operational, concrete operational
According to Janet Helms’ Theory of White Racial Development, the beginning of defining a positive white racial identity with emphasis on intellectual understanding is called:
Autonomy
Reintegration
Immersion/emersion
Pseudoindependence
In William Cross’ Black Racial Identity theory, internalization refers to Black identity being based on appreciation, flexibility, and love instead of a rejection of others.
True
False
Having privileges taken away or being grounded is an example of a:
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development consists of 3 levels – Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional - with each level consisting of 2 stages.
True
False
Jahoda’s described six major approaches to defining positive mental health: attitude toward self, growth/development/self-actualization, integration, autonomy, perception of reality, and ___________.
Environmental mastery
Leaving a legacy
Success
Economic stability
Freud’s psychosexual stages occur in which order?
Oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
Anal, oral, phallic, genital, latent
Oral, anal, genital, latent, phallic
Oral, anal, latent, phallic, genital
When conducting research, deception is never justified.
True
False
Research studies that measure multiple age cohorts at multiple intervals of time are called:
Sequential designs
Longitudinal designs
Cross-sectional designs
None of the above
Carol Gilligan labeled Kohlberg’s theories __________ because they didn’t include women.
Androcentric
Misogynistic
Stupid
Boring
The American Counseling Association (ACA) was originally called the American Personnel & Guidance Association.
True
False
The ________________ stage of Fowler’s Faith Development theory usually occurs in toddlerhood/early childhood.
Intuitive-projective
Conjunctive
Primal
Mythic-literal
Reactivity and ____________ are used to measure temperament.
Self-love
Self-regulation
Self-esteem
Self-image
Only mothers can suffer from postpartum depression.
True
False
The specialized cells in the brain that imitate the behaviors of what children see before they can actually perform the behavior themselves are called:
Practice neurons
Reflective neurons
Mirror neurons
Imitation neurons
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is usually premeditated so most people don’t have the capacity to shake a baby to death when frustrated.
True
False
The understanding that when a previously seen object is no longer visible it still exists is called:
Objectivity
Memorization
Image permanence
Object permanence
Which of the following is NOT an indicator of high-quality child care?
Low student/teacher ratio
Minimal communication between the family and the school
Well-trained & educated staff
Educational and social opportunities
In Olsen’s circumplex model, cohesion refers to how close or distant family members feel themselves to be while the amount of structure in a family is:
Scaffolding
Framing
Rigidity
Flexibility
Biological essentialism is used to describe the tendency to ground gender differences in biology, making them seem normal, natural, and necessary.
True
False
Which of the following are mandated reporters in Texas?
Law enforcement
Educators
Medical personnel
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT one of the most commonly used developmental research designs?
Longitudinal
Cross-sectional
Cross-cultural
Sequential
Teenage pregnancy is an example of which Baltes’ and Smith’s three influences on human development?
Normative age-graded influence
Nonnormative highly individualized influence
Normative history-graded influence
Both Normative history and age graded influence
In Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development children or teens tend to seek approval of society at the conventional level.
True
False
(William G Perry’s intellectual and cognitive development) In relativism discovered, everyone commits to a set of chosen values and beliefs without knowing definitively if they are right or wrong.
True
False
An enmeshed family is over-involved.
True
False
Group politics, Religion, SES are examples of:
Microsystem
Macrosystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Which of the following is not one of the periods most professionals use to characterize development?
Late adulthood
Prenatal period
middle adulthood
Late childhood
Theorists who view development as __________ believe that developmental change is always occurring at a gradual, steady pace.
Continuous or incremental
Discontinuous
multidimensional
Stages
The term nature encompasses
hormones.
Universal maturational processes.
Heredity
All of the above.
Although __________ determine(s) what we are capable of doing, __________ determine(s) what we actually do.
�genes; the environment
Canalization; heredity
�the environment; genes
�heredity; canalization
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development provides an excellent illustration of a(n) __________ theory. Correct!
Systemic
Stage
�multidimensional
�incremental
Which ethical principle means “to do no harm?”
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Confidentiality
A __________ design is often used to chart developmental trajectories.
sequential
cross-sectional
�time-lag
�longitudinal
The human nucleus contains a total of 46 chromosomes.
True
False
Identical twins reared in the same environment and different environments score similarly on measures of personality and intelligence.
True
False
A newborn is considered to be a preterm birth if the newborn
Is born prior to 37 weeks gestation.
Is born prior to 39 weeks gestation.
Weighs less than 2500 grams.
None of the above.
______ is an example of a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC).
Oral birth control
IUD (intrauterine device)
Male condom
Plan b or "morning after pill"
Kangaroo care is recommended to use with low-birth weight or preterm infants because it
Regulates the infant's temperature
Steadies the infant's heart rate
Enhances attachment
All of the above.
According to James Fowler, every person will reach his or her Universalizing Faith stage of Faith Development.
True
False
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, humans must meet basic needs before they can reach other high level developmental needs.
True
False
______ is NOT one of the characteristics of a self-actualized person, according to Maslow.
Acceptance of self
Conventionality
Appreciation for the worl
Autonomy
A schema is defined as
A scene from one's life story
A framework or building block of the mind
An integration of multiple intelligences
A biological component of development.
Which of the pairings does not belong?
Havighurst and developmental tasks
Gould and passages
Vailant and adaptation of life
Levinson and seasons of life
_____ is NOT one of Gardner's multiple intelligences.
Emotional
Interpersonal
Spatial
Linguistic
How many hours of sleep should you get tonight?
Who cares, I need an A!
6-7
8 is all I need.
10 :)
Who is going to ace this exam?
Me!
Lebron James
Bart Simpson
The other class (our competition).
You will do well on this exam, complete this program, and become a great counselor!
True
False
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