Chapter 1

A detailed representation of toxicology concepts, showing chemical structures of poisons and antidotes, a human silhouette highlighting affected organs, and a laboratory setting in the background.

Toxicology Knowledge Quiz

Test your knowledge of toxicology with our comprehensive quiz covering a variety of essential topics. Dive deep into the world of poisons, antidotes, and their effects on human health. Whether you're a student, teacher, or just someone interested in the field, this quiz is for you!

Key Topics Include:

Types of Toxicity
Mechanisms of Action
Famous Poisonous Compounds
Safety Guidelines in Toxicology

22 Questions6 MinutesCreated by AnalyzingToxin457

Examples would be adverse effects on the kidney or central nervous system resulting from the chronic ingestion of mercury

Local toxicity

Systemic toxicity

Delayed toxicity

Chronic toxicity

An example would be the development of silicosis following a long-term exposure to silica in workplaces such as foundries.

Local toxicity

Chronic exposure

Chronic toxicity

Systemic toxicity

An example would be chemical asphyxiation from exposure to a high concentration of carbon monoxide (CO).

Local toxicity

Chronic exposure

Delayed toxicity

Acute toxicity

First correlated between chemical and biological properties of poisons

Moses Maimonides

Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure

Dioscorides

Paracelsus

Ergot: Claviceps purpurea. Physostigmine: Calabar bean

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Lithium: Causes Diabetes insipidus. Arsenic: Densest metal used in prep of slides in EM

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Accidental: those in which the poison was given willfully and with intent to cause death to the victim. Suicidal: those in which the poison was taken by the victim voluntarily for the purpose of taking his own life.

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Example of this is perforation produced by corrosive are large and ragged while those caused by diseases are small, oval or rounded with smooth edges.

Chemical evidence

Symptomatic evidence

Post-mortem evidence

Moral evidence

This is true about oral administration:

Any factor that slows down stomach motility will decrease the amount of time that a chemical stays in the stomach, prolonging the gastric emptying time (GET).

The shorter the GET, the slower the duration of a chemical’s presence within the stomach.

The longer the GET, it is less susceptibile to gastric enzyme degradation and acid hydrolysis, in spite of any increase in pH.

The dosage form in therapeutic use is usually aerosolized in a metered dose inhaler.

This is true about dermal routes, EXCEPT:

Topical administration is the most common form of dermal application.

Epidermal and upper dermal injections have the best absorption capabilities of the parenteral routes primarily because of limited circulation.

ς� Lipid-soluble chemicals are slowly but readily absorbed by non-ionic passage through the epidermal layers.

The integumentary system (skin) allows for the greatest surface area for physiological contact with the external environment.

The greater the Vd, the greater the potential for accumulation in some physiological compartment. Heavy metals do not accumulate in adipose tissue, kidneys and bones.

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Lipid-soluble compounds / non-ionic state / less prone to tissue binding

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EDTA: Renal tubular necrosis. Penicillamine: Vit. B6 deficiency

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MOA: Prevent the metal-induced inactivation of enzymes, EXCEPT:

Dimercaprol/British Anti-Lewisite

EDTA

Oral and water-soluble congener of BAL

Deferoxamine

Gastric Lavage: Stomach Only. Whole Bowel Irrigation: Duodenum to Anus

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Whole Bowel Irrigation: AE - Pneumomediastinum (gas in the peritoneal cavity). It is effective under certain conditions, particularly when activated charcoal lacks efficacy.

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Properties of a Typical Antidote, EXCEPT:

It should be capable of being taken in small dose without danger

It should be capable of combining with the poison immediately, at a temperature equal or below that of the body.

Its action should be quick.

It should deprive the poison of its deleterious effects.

Toxic ingestions with drugs having an enterohepatic circulation (e.g. cabamazepine, :theophylline, phenobarbital, TCAs, phenothiazines, digitalis ) generally require that the charcoal be re-administered every 4 hours to prevent reabsorption during circulation. Ipecac onset of emesis usually occurs within 30 minutes after administration.

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Chapter 1

Toxicology Knowledge Quiz

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