Whats is deadly force?

The intentional application of force through the use of firearms or any other means reasonably likely to cause death or serious physical injury.

Immediate need attention right away

Imminent is attention without a time

Deputies shall only use [Force] that [reasonably appears necessary] given the [facts] and [circumstances] to accomplish a [legitimate] law enforcement purpose.

Force, reasonably appears necessary, facts, circumstances, legitimate

8 subject factors:

Prior contacts, number of officers vs subjects, age size gender strength, injury/exhaustion, special knowledge or skill, mental illness/drug usage, environmental factors, proximity to potential weapons

5 Graham factors:

Severity of crime at issue, immediate threat to safety of officers/others, attempting to evade seizure by flight, actively resisting, circumstances tense/uncertain/rapidly evolving/split second judgement

When can we use force?

Effect an arrest, overcome resistance, prevent escape, defense of self, defense of others

Types of serious bodily injury:

Concussive blows to the head, occluding the airway, broken bones, lacerations requiring sutures, permanent disfigurement, permanent loss of bodily organ

A deputy may use deadly force to protect the [deputy] or [others] from what the deputy reasonably believes is an [immediate threat] of serious physical injury or death.

Deputy, others, immediate

A deputy may use deadly force to stop a fleeing subject when the deputy has probable cause to believe that the individual has committed, or intends to commit, a [felony], and the deputy [reasonably] believes that there is an [immediate] threat. Under such circumstances, a [verbal] warning should precede.

Felony, reasonably, immediate, verbal

What is necessary?

Means that no reasonably effective alternative to the use of force appeared to exist and that the amount of force used was reasonable to affect the lawful purpose intended

The most common circumstance where officers misuse force is when they [overreact] to the actions of the suspect

Overreact

Civil rights act of 1871

Excessive force, unlawful death, unlawful imprisonment

Results of misuse of force

Reprimand, suspension, termination, criminal charges, civil fines, jail time, federal indictment

Strongly [caution] the other officer, or [physically restrain] and [immediately report] without delay

Caution, physically restrain, immediately report

4 degrees of fault:

Slight negligence, negligence, gross negligence, bad intent

Ooda loop: [observe] the situation, [orient] yourself, [decide] upon a course of action, [act upon that decision]

Observe, orient, decide, act upon

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